GCN Home > 04/16/07 issue
Solar flare puts GPS off the air
Global Positioning System outage could occur again
By Patrick Marshall, GCN Staff
It was like something out
of a sci-fi movie. Mysteriously,
on Dec. 6, 2006, Global Positioning
System devices suddenly
malfunctioned across
large swaths of the planet.

The good news is that the
cause was not invading aliens.
It was an intense burst of radio
energy, called a solar flare,
emitting from the suns surface.
And theres more good news
although the event temporarily
knocked out many GPS receivers,
no airplanes fell from
the sky, and no ships lost their
way at sea.

But the event nonetheless
generated concern among scientists.
Although they were
aware that radio bursts generated
by solar flares could affect
GPS equipment, they were surprised
that this large an event
occurred during a period of relatively
low solar-flare activity
and that its impact was as
strong as it was.

Serious business
Its more serious than we
thought. We didnt think this
was going to happen until the
next solar maximum, which is
about 2011, said Paul Kintner
Jr., professor of electrical and
computer engineering at Cornell
University and head of
Cornells GPS Laboratory.
Weve been monitoring solar
flares for four years. [The Dec.
6 event] suggests that monitoring
has been inaccurate.
And we dont have a good historical
basis for predicting
whats going to happen, so
were concerned.

The radio bursts dont actually
damage equipment but only
interfere with transmissions
between GPS satellites and receivers.
Some GPS equipment
may be affected for about 30
minutes, Kintner said, but
thats really an upper limit.
This means that the risks are
greater for some GPS users
than for others.

This past event was sort of
two really intense pulses that
lasted three to four minutes
each, so this is not a major outage
if youre driving a car or
hiking, Kintner said. Its really
a concern for people who
want uninterrupted operation.

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